Avoid the Arundhati Roy Trap

Again, Via the Literary Saloon, editor Jane Lawson on how not to write Indian literature, in the newspaper New Kerala.

If you are haunted by dreams of literary stardom and Booker fantasies, shun exotica and think big. For a start, avoid the Arundhati Roy trap, says British publisher and literary critic Jane Lawson.

"There is a fatigue about Indian novels post-Arundhati Roy, specially of the exotic and lyrical kind symbolised by Roy's Booker Prize-wining novel - 'The God of Small Things'," Lawson told IANS in an interview.

Lawson, a senior editor at Transworld Publishers, a division of the US' leading publishing conglomerate Random House group, is here to promote the diplomat-turned-author Vikas Swarup's debut novel "Q and A", a poignant story of a penniless waiter who wins a billion-dollar quiz contest.

It was Lawson who discovered Swarup's novel and snapped it up for Doubleday, the prestigious British imprint she represents, for a fabulous six-figure advance.

Going by what Lawson says, exotica is passe and multi-culturalism is the new prima donna of the British literary world.

"Quasi-poetic flourishes of Arundhati Roy variety have become a shade too cloying. There is more interest in novels with multi-cultural settings," adds Lawson, who scans at least 1,000 manuscripts every week as part of her job.

Lawson's brutally candid critiques of Indian writing in English shouldn't, however, force a misreading of her position.

"Although the Indian novel written by Indians living in India is slightly out of fashion, Indian writing in English is becoming a full-blown genre in itself," says the polyglot publisher who studied modern languages at Durham University.

The market for British Asian writing is, however, growing, says Lawson, who also discovered Monica Ali's Brick Lane - a Booker-short-listed novel in 2003.

"I am inclined to look at Indian novels more than at anything else. India is a very fertile land. Indians are very good with family histories and big themes," says Lawson, who points at the relative insularity of British writers by way of contrast.

Pitching in for more works celebrating the multi-cultural ethos, she adds: "There is a danger to be parochial with British writers. The works of diasporic writers settled in Britain like Monica Ali, Zadie Smith and Hanif Qureishi straddle various worlds and are more interesting."

Keep it in mind, kids! Cut out the cloying, exotic stuff. But keep in the family-shamily, scope-shope, and straddle-twaddle. But let me offer a toast to non-lyrical, historically sensitive multiculturalism. Oh, and the death of irony!

(That was meant to be a joke. It was also a reference to John Waters's film Pecker. Seen it? --Ed.)

Side note: It's the first week of classes, which means I am overwhelmed and exhausted, even after not actually doing very much. Blogging is/will be light.

MLK and MKG



Biddies Live: A night in Middletown

We went to see the Lascivious Biddies last night at a place called the Buttonwood Tree, in Middletown. What can I say? It was fun. They are very talented ladies.

I'm not making big predictions of greatness; I don't know if that's even what they're aiming for. But for the sake of argument, where on the radio would they go (besides College Radio, of course)? They are between two, and maybe three, genres. Jazz radio stations are way too conservative in their playlists; they only go as far into the 1990s as the candy-coated croonings of Diana Krall. And even Diana Krall is pretty rare, at least on the jazz stations I currently get.

I do think it might be really interesting if the Biddies teamed up with a playwright and... wrote a musical? Biddies, if you're reading this, think about it: Broadway ("Famous").

There is a fresh interview with the Biddies at Brian Ibbott's Coverville. You can download it as a single MP3 file ("podcast") here. There's a lot of chat, but Ibbott does include three full songs in the interview, if you're just looking to get a sense of what it's all about.

Amitav Ghosh on politics of Tsunami relief; Locana on Ghosh

A couple of days ago, Anand posted links to the series in The Hindu by Amitav Ghosh. (For those who don't know, Ghosh is one of postcolonial India's greatest writers. Much of what he writes is a cross between journalism, history, and creative non-fiction essay. I've written about him a bit here.)

Here are the links Anand posted:

Anand has also offered a kind of critique of the essays here with a review of Shonali Bose's novel Amu as well. Anand compares this Ghosh piece (the three articles really run together, and form a single essay) unfavorably with Ghosh's own essay on the anti-Sikh riots of 1984, "The Ghosts of Mrs. Gandhi" (which you can read in The Imam and the Indian; I don't believe it is online anywhere.

I have two thoughts.

1) I think the Ghosh pieces on the Tsunami are worth reading as journalism -- very few journalists have written on what happened at Car Nicobar thus far (partly because the Indian government itself wasn't allowing anyone to go for awhile). Reading this essay, you learn about the history of Andaman and Nicobar, as well as the unusual mix of people who have ended up settling there since independence. Ghosh also makes an important observation about the failure of the local and national government structure to adequately help the survivors of the Tsunami in the ways that they need to be helped. It's not just about food and water. People's entire livelihoods have been wiped off the face of the earth. Many people have no papers, and no money. Their farms have been permanently ruined. Some or all of their families are gone. The kind of help they need is simply of a different order than a sack of rice.

It's expected that the government is unable to process something like this. As many people have been documenting, the government has been a lot less proactive in providing relief than the NGOs. Ghosh points out that the situation is especially bad in Andaman-Nicobar because the islands are governed directly from the center, without an elected local legislature.

In some cases, the government crosses the line between incompetency and outright corruption, as this BBC article demonstrates.

Still, I'm not sure that even the international relief agencies are equipped to assist on this scale. They have the money now (lots of money), but are they concentrating on the problem in that way?

2) Ghosh's search for metaphors for the Tsunami are indeed questionable, as is his ending to the essay.

It's not at all surprising he's thinking in these terms. Privileging the position of the writer, for instance, is something he's done many times in his books. But I'm not sure that it works in the context of the particular narrative he's describing (see sections 2 and 3 in the links above).

Expanded Interrogation Techniques

Andrew Sullivan reviews new accounts of the U.S.'s use of "expanded interrogation techniques" (torture) since 9/11. The new books are Steven Strasser's The Abu Ghraib Investigations: The Official Report of the Independent Panel and Pentagon on the Shocking Prisoner Abuse in Iraq, and Mark Danner's Torture and Truth: America Abu Ghraib, and the War on Terror.

Sullivan's piece is more than a 'review': it's a comprehensive account of the logic and administrative process that opened the way for systemic prisoner abuse authorized by the Bush administration. It occurred as much at Guantanamo as at Abu Ghraib. It occurred at several other prison/interrogation facilities in Iraq. And it occurred in Afghanistan. Sullivan also looks carefully at what was done, and how it was received by military and governmental authorities. Among the stuff I didn't know was this:

These are not allegations made by antiwar journalists. They are incidents reported within the confines of the United States government. The Schlesinger panel has officially conceded, although the president has never publicly acknowledged, that American soldiers have tortured five inmates to death. Twenty-three other deaths that occurred during American custody had not been fully investigated by the time the panel issued its report in August. Some of the techniques were simply brutal, like persistent vicious beatings to unconsciousness. Others were more inventive. In April 2004, according to internal Defense Department documents recently procured by the A.C.L.U., three marines in Mahmudiya used an electric transformer, forcing a detainee to ''dance'' as the electricity coursed through him. We also now know that in Guantánamo, burning cigarettes were placed in the ears of detainees.

There are also lots of graphic accounts of torture in the piece (what I included above is among the tamer material), most of which you probably haven't heard about yet.

Andrew Sullivan, in case you didn't know, is a Republican, who initially supported the war. The fact that he's speaking out so publicly on this issue now, when most on the right have assiduously ignored it, or even obliquely supported the use of torture, says something about him.

The ending paragraphs speculate on how it's possible that this has been such a small issue in American politics, especially given the fact that the U.S. is losing the war over Iraqi hearts and minds. It's also shocking that it was ignored during the election, when Kerry had enough knowledge about the Administration's role in authorizing torture (the 'torture memos') to use it as a campaign issue. It's a game played by the left as well as by the right:

American political polarization also contributed. Most of those who made the most fuss about these incidents - like Mark Danner or Seymour Hersh - were dedicated opponents of the war in the first place, and were eager to use this scandal to promote their agendas. Advocates of the war, especially those allied with the administration, kept relatively quiet, or attempted to belittle what had gone on, or made facile arguments that such things always occur in wartime. But it seems to me that those of us who are most committed to the Iraq intervention should be the most vociferous in highlighting these excrescences. Getting rid of this cancer within the system is essential to winning this war.

I'm not saying that those who unwittingly made this torture possible are as guilty as those who inflicted it. I am saying that when the results are this horrifying, it's worth a thorough reassessment of rhetoric and war methods. Perhaps the saddest evidence of our communal denial in this respect was the election campaign. The fact that American soldiers were guilty of torturing inmates to death barely came up. It went unmentioned in every one of the three presidential debates. John F. Kerry, the ''heroic'' protester of Vietnam, ducked the issue out of what? Fear? Ignorance? Or a belief that the American public ultimately did not care, that the consequences of seeming to criticize the conduct of troops would be more of an electoral liability than holding a president accountable for enabling the torture of innocents? I fear it was the last of these. Worse, I fear he may have been right.


[See Amygdala]

Only in Bush's America: "That's just the way it is."

It started out as a good day for Bush. Earlier, it was being reported that he admitted to making a mistake when he used the phrase "bring it on!" in response to the Iraqi insurgency. No dice.

Pharyngula has a link to some really disturbing quotes from George W. Bush from the conservative newspaper The Washington Times :

"I think people attack me because they are fearful that I will then say that you're not equally as patriotic if you're not a religious person," Mr. Bush said. "I've never said that. I've never acted like that. I think that's just the way it is.

"On the other hand, I think more and more people understand the importance of faith in their life," he said. "America is a remarkable place when it comes to religion and faith. We had people come to our rallies who were there specifically to say, 'I'm here to pray for you, let you know I'm praying for you.' And I was very grateful about that."

No wait, there's more:
"I fully understand that the job of the president is and must always be protecting the great right of people to worship or not worship as they see fit," Mr. Bush said. "That's what distinguishes us from the Taliban. The greatest freedom we have or one of the greatest freedoms is the right to worship the way you see fit.
"On the other hand, I don't see how you can be president at least from my perspective, how you can be president, without a relationship with the Lord," he said.

Both statements have a certain bimodal pattern. 1) "On the one hand, blah blah blah secularism." --> 2) "On the other hand, you need the Lord." In other words, despite the imperative for secularism, you can't deny the final authority of My Religious Beliefs.

The first statement ("That's just the way it is...") seems like it might be misstatement -- a Bushism, if you will. Whether it comes from a loose tongue or just a moment of total logical lapse (I hope it's the former), I can't say. Perhaps it is a riddle?

(Bush is a little like Ghalib, in his moments of "impossible simplicity." Will people recite Bushisms 200 years from now they way they now recite Ghalib, savoring the gnomic, discordant quality of his poetry? A century after religious intolerance produces World War III, will subsequent generations of tortured young aesthetes look back on this with a certain melancholy pleasure?)

Another Prominent Desi Author Has Immigration Issues

According to lit-blogger Beatrice (thanks to The Literary Saloon for the tip!) Pankaj Mishra recently got a taste of American immigration pareshaani when returning to the U.S. from South Asia. He was eventually allowed in, but not before being threatened with deportation:

Apparently I had a much easier time getting to the NYPL than Mishra did; we learned that just last week, Mishra had been coming back from a journalistic trip through Pakistan and Afghanistan when he was stopped at customs in JFK and, as he described it, "taken to a little cell where people who looked like me were sitting," where he was detained for several hours and threatened with deportation because an immigration official spotted "something on his computer" that made Mishra look suspect. Sounds like Ian McEwan got off easy compared to Mishra, who was clearly still rattled by the experience--and the blue-city New York audience was sympathetically anxious for him as well.


Now I can sort of see it if Ramachandra Guha, who is very well-known in India but less known abroad, gets the "something on my computer doesn't look right" treatment. And after all, he was just giving lectures at Oberlin and Berkeley -- are those even real colleges?

But Pankaj Mishra? I mean, come on, just Google the guy -- you get 35,000 hits! They guy has his name on seven books (counting the Naipaul Literary Occasions, and the edition of Kim for which he wrote the forward).

For all this talk about "Intelligence," I'm continually amazed by the evidence that USCIS officials are operating in its absence.

Bhangra CD Mini-reviews: Friction, Mehsopuria, Bally Sagoo

I picked up some new CDs the other day at SaReGaMa in New Jersey. All three are marked for release in India -- prices on the back are in Rupees.



1. Crossover dance party recommendation: Friction. It's a compilation of mostly UK Punjabi remix tracks, with a fair amount of Desi rapping (in English), and some heavy-duty hip hop sampling. I think it might be legalized material, since the label on the back says Sony, but I'm not sure how they can afford samples from Dr. Dre, Missy Elliot, Timbaland, Ed Lover, Groove Armada, and Beyonce... So this might be one of those CDs that's "legal in India"? Anyway, Bobby Friction, the BBC1 DJ, put it together. (I'm also looking forward to the Bobby Friction and Nihal joint compilation, which is supposed to be out sometime.)

This CD would be good for getting people out on a dance floor. Some of the tracks are catchy, and have monster beats -- that "whoa, where did you get this?" quality. It would work even if most of the people in the room aren't South Asian. You'll get most of what's going on even if you don't know Hindi or Punjabi; it's all about the beats and the hooks. You could probably get this only at an Indian grocery/music store; I'm not finding it online anywhere. It's ironic, because of the three CDs I'm talking about here, this one is the most influenced by American hip hop.



2. Traditional Bhangra recommendation: Mehsopuria, self-titled CD. Mehsopuria came out of nowhere last year, and stormed the UK Bhangra charts. He's doing traditional Bhangra, with the only nod to the Clubs being the heavy beats he uses on some tracks. On one track ("Dil Sada," our heart) he does use a 2-step beat; he never uses hip hop. For a guy born and raised in the UK, it's amazing that he resists the temptation to use English.

His name, apparently, comes from his family's village in Punjab, Mehsumpur. You should get this if you're looking for traditional Bhangra in the vein of Gurdas Mann. It also helps if you understand some Punjabi, and have a taste for this already. Not that the lyrics are all that original; most of it is classic Punjabi, "When you looked at me with those eyes, it made me lose my cool," material. But he has a good voice, lots of energy, and some nice melodies here. "Tumka", "Ranglay Punjab Diyaan", "Mahi" and "Punoo Haniya" are all really good. You can hear some audio samples (and watch music videos) at Mehsopuria's webpage.



3. Not quite a recommendation: Bally Sagoo, Bollywood Buzz, with vocals by Gunjan.

This one promised more in the vein of Bollywood Flashback, with hip-hoppy and R&B remakes of classic Hindi songs, and while it's a little thin (three out of ten tracks are mixes of the same song), it has at least two club-friendly tracks.

[Update: Cancel all that] The likely hit is the version of "Bindiya Chamkegi," which will not surprise people familiar with Bally Sagoo's earlier "Noorie" or "Chura Liya." But it does have the virtue of being a bit faster -- probably danceable.
Sagoo has for years relied on Gunjan's voice. She's good at getting that classic Hindi sound most of the time, but she doesn't quite carry the day on "Tune O Rangiley."

It seems that they've released basically the same album in the UK as Bindiya Chamkegi. (There are also some short samples from the songs at that link)

University of California Press Puts 400 Books Online, free

I'm not 100% sure I see what's in it for them to make 400 books available to the general public, completely free. (Thanks, Bookish) But there will be time enough for analysis later. In the short run, I'm celebrating, passing it on, and hoping other presses will follow suit.

Here are some of the titles that interested me (not that I have time to actually read through many of them in the week before classes start). The books at the top of the list are generally books I've read parts of already:

Indian Traffic: Identities in Question in Colonial and Postcolonial India by Parama Roy

Nets of Awareness: Urdu Poetry and Its Critics by Frances Pritchett

A Radical Jew: Paul and the Politics of Identity by Daniel Boyarin

At the Heart of the Empire: Indians and the Colonial Encounter in Late-Victorian Britain

The Irish Ulysses by Maria Tymoczko

J.M Coetzee: South Africa and the Politics of Writing by David Attwell

The Travels of Dean Mahomet:
An Eighteenth-Century Journey through India
by Dean Mahomet (!)

The Magic Mountain: Hill Stations and the British Raj

Many Ramayanas: The Diversity of a Narrative Tradition in South Asia

Arabs and Young Turks: Ottomanism, Arabism, and Islamism in the Ottoman Empire, 1908–1918

A Nation of Empire: The Ottoman Legacy of Turkish Modernity

Behind the Scenes: Yeats, Horniman, and the Struggle for the Abbey Theatre

The Boundaries of Humanity: Humans, Animals, Machines

Caste and Capitalism in Colonial India: The Nattukottai Chettiars

Divine Passions: The Social Construction of Emotion in India

The Wrestler's Body: Identity and Ideology in North India

The French Revolution and the Birth of Modernity

Freud and His Critics

Hysteria Beyond Freud

Historians get Materialistic

I was hoping there would be some big controversy to report about some of the big disciplinary conventions that meet around now, other than MLA -- the American Historical Association, the Linguistic Society of America, etc.

Well, the LSA did get a little media, mainly because of their goofy annual contests for interesting new words. I was pleased to see that "crunk" was nominated, and sad that it lost out to "red state/blue state" as "most likely to succeed." Then again, it's not as if "crunk" is likely to be a word anyone is still using a year from now!

Tim Burke did have some interesting insights on Historians' discipline-wide neglect of Africa at Cliopatria, but it's hardly on the order of "Jane Austen and the Masturbating Girl." (The scandal of Eve Sedgwick's title never gets old.)

Well, the Boston Globe at least has something to report about Historians: they've got a tendency to be materialistic.

Ouch, bad joke; sorry. But I've been desperate to see some metacommentary on a discipline other than literature for once.

One Nation, Under a Dimly Understood God...

Stephen Prothero, in the LA Times (via A&L Daily). He's arguing that the U.S. needs more education about religion in its primary schools, which is to be distinguished from religious education.

Things are different in Europe, and not just in Sweden. The Dutch are four times less likely than Americans to believe in miracles, hell and biblical inerrancy. The euro does not trust in God. But here is the paradox: Although Americans are far more religious than Europeans, they know far less about religion.

In Europe, religious education is the rule from the elementary grades on. So Austrians, Norwegians and the Irish can tell you about the Seven Deadly Sins or the Five Pillars of Islam. But, according to a 1997 poll, only one out of three U.S. citizens is able to name the most basic of Christian texts, the four Gospels, and 12% think Noah's wife was Joan of Arc. That paints a picture of a nation that believes God speaks in Scripture but that can't be bothered to read what he has to say.

Seems plausible to me, though this argument could easily be twisted into "Prothero says cure for religious extremism is more religion in school." Still, it's interesting where he ends up in this op-ed:


A few days after 9/11, a turbaned Indian American man was shot and killed in Arizona by a bigot who believed the man's dress marked him as a Muslim. But what killed Balbir Singh Sodhi (who was not a Muslim but a Sikh) was not so much bigotry as ignorance. The moral of his story is not just that we need more tolerance. It is that Americans — of both the religious and the secular variety — need to understand religion. Resolving in 2005 to read for yourself either the Bible or the Koran (or both) might not be a bad place to start.

Power 99: Racial slurs lead to DJ Star's suspension

Final follow-up on the Power 99 controversy: Star is suspended for a day.

The point has been made, folks. I'm ready to move on.

C.L. Smooth, widely cited poet

Apropos of nothing in particular...

C.L. Smooth was an artsy rapper in the early 1990s. His collaboration with producer Pete Rock, "Mecca and the Soul Brother," was one of the classics of early 1990s hip hop. Though he doesn't get appreciated the way KRS-One, Q-Tip, and the early Nas do for their artistry, C.L. Smooth gets a place in my -- but probably not just my -- Artistic Rap Hall of Fame.

The classic song -- really the one song that everyone should know -- is called "They Reminisce Over You". It's got a beautiful jazz saxophone sample, and pretty thoughtful lyrics as rap songs go. The following lines from the middle of the song have been hard-wired in my memory for about 11 or 12 years:

When I date back I recall a man off the family tree
My right hand poppa doc I see
Took me from a boy to a man so I always had a father
When my biological didn’t bother
Taking care of this so who am I to bicker
Not a bad ticker but I’m clocking pop’s liver ["clocking," meaning "copying"]
But you can never say that his life is through
5 kids at 21 believe he got a right too
Here we go while I check the scene
With the Portuguese lover at the age of 14 [he's talking about himself now]
The same age, front page, no fuss
But I bet you all your dough, they live longer than us

There are some moments that are a little confusing in a narrative sense to be sure. (For example, I've never really understood "My right hand poppa doc I see". Is that a reference to Haiti's Papa Doc Duvalier?) But despite its confusing points, fundamentally this is a song about memory, dysfunctional families, and death, especially from AIDS, which shows up later in the song. As (presumably) autobiography, it hangs together thematically in a way that few other rap songs do. It works as rap, but it also works as 'poetry' in a more technical sense.

I was happy to see that serious poets are citing it, as in this New York Times review of some new books of poetry out.

In ''The Listening: Poems,'' Kyle Dargan writes an attractive, melodic line that no one would mistake for prose. But his first loyalty -- like that of his models, particularly the Black Arts Movement poets -- is to the language people speak. That's not to say his language isn't stylized. It's like a spoken shorthand, blending the creative elision of lyric poetry with the wit, brio and irony of black English and hip-hop slang (''The Listening'' is almost certainly the first poetry collection to include epigraphs from both Elizabeth Bishop and C. L. Smooth). In the sonnet ''Bluff,'' Dargan sketches the troubled relationship between his street-savvy father and his disciplinarian grandfather in just a few strokes: ''sometimes it's easier to beat the city / than to beat the house.''

Elizabeth Bishop... and C.L. Smooth!

Harassing call center workers for fun

This is sort of a follow-up on the Power 99 thing: Times of India.

Of course, because it is The Times of India, the whole thing could just be fiction (remember Bhaskar, the "serial killer"? [I miss Jivha]).

Notice how no quote is given a direct attribution or source! So, while it seems plausible, I wouldn't take it too seriously.

Indian National Anthem to be changed?

Awhile ago I posted on the controversy over India's national anthem. A small number of people on the Hindu right wanted it to be changed from "Jana Gana Mana" to more spiritual/devotional sounding "Bande Mataram." But the issue went away pretty quickly.

Now there is a new issue, following notice from the Supreme Court that the word "Sindh" should be removed from "Jana Gana Mana," because Sindh is a province that is now in Pakistan.

Also, Sindhi poet Lekhraj Aziz has written a note of protest in the Times of India.

No opinion on this yet...